新编大学英语3unit 4 知识点.ppt

* Understanding Sentences 1. Career planning includes gathering information about ourselves and about occupations, estimating the probable outcomes of various courses of action, and finally, choosing alternatives that we find attractive and feasible. 进行择业规划，要收集有关我们自身以及职业的信息资料，估计采取各种举动可能出现的结果，最后作出我们认为有吸引力并且可行的选择。 Translation The three -ing participles run parallel to gain emphasis and make clear the order of the three phrases which coincides with that of Para. 8-11. 三个-ing结构并列，在加强语气的同时使读者对其顺序一目了然，而该顺序又与此后的8－11段前后呼应。 “…we find attractive and feasible” 是定语从句，用来修饰alternatives。 Comments 2．Of course, complacency is appropriate for any decision in which nothing much is at stake, but that does not describe career decisions. Translation 当然，对于不决定成败的决策，自满是可以的，但做涉及职业方面的的决策时，来不得自满。 Question What does “that” refer to in this sentence? Answer It refers to “complacency is appropriate for any decision in which nothing much is at stake”. The first part of the sentence is a restrictive attributive clause introduced by “proposition+relative word”. 本句第一部分是由“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式语体。能作这种用法的关系代词主要是which，其次是whom，有时是关系限定词whose。例如： They tried to think of a plan by which they could fulfill their task ahead of time. 在该用法中，介词的选择受到上下文的制约，或与前面的名词词组的搭配有关，或与后面的动词词组搭配有关。例如： Comments Radial flow turbines differ in the manner in which the steam flow is arranged. (in the manner) The material of which the apparatus is made of is a good nonconductor of heat. (is made of) 此外还有由“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，例如： At last there was something about which to write home. 上述非限制性定语从句一般用于正式语体，在非正式语体中通常用不带关系代词但句末带介词的不定式分句。例如： At last there was something to write home about. 关于限制性定语从句的翻译见本单元的Further Development。 3．When confronted with a decision and unable to believe they can find an acceptable solution, some people remain calm by resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming. Translation 每当面临抉择而又自认为找不到合适的解决方法时，一些人或想入非非或做白日梦，以此来保持平静。 The subject of the subordinate clause is