高中新课标 考纲要求的十种 时态 讲解.docx

时态▲概述时间方式现在过去将来过去将来一般进行完成完成进行一、一般现在时：1、构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数有变化。2、功能：①表示经常发生或反复发生的动作。常同often, sometimes, usually, always, twice a week, on Sundays, every week, now and then, rarely等状语连用。I often go to school by bike. He waters the flower twice a week.②表现在的情况或状态。Does Tom live downtown? The book consists of five chapters.③表示普遍真理、客观事实以及用在格言中。Metal expands when heated. Man cannot live without oxygen. Time and tide wait for no man.④表示仍有影响的已故人物的言行或状态或讲书面材料的内容。Shakespeare writes/says, “Virtue is bold, and goodness never fearful.”The sign says, “No parking.”I’ve just got a letter from her. She says she has got married.⑤在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。（when, as soon as, before, if, unless等）I’ll call on you unless it rains tomorrow. We will start as soon as you are ready.⑥表示将来确定会发生的事（如：已计划安排好的动作）。这种用法常用的动词有go, come, leave, arrive, return, start, begin, stop, open, close等。往往后接时间状语。The film starts at seven o’ clock this evening. Hurry up! Thetrain leaves/plane takes off at 5:00 am. 二、一般过去时：1、构成：动词使用过去式。2、功能：①表示过去所发生的动作或存在的状态，其中也包括过去的习惯性动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：two days ago, the other day, last month, in 1988, in those days等。A thief broke into his house and stole his treasure last night.②口语中代替一般现在时，表委婉、缓和的语气。I wondered if you could do me a favour.③在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。Tom promised that he would let me know if he got any news.三、一般将来时：1、构成：will/shall+动词原形，shall常用于第一人称。2、功能：表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。Will you be free this evening? I shall leave for Canada next Friday.3、可以表示一般将来时的几种结构以及部分用法。①will+动词原形按规律必然会He will be five years old next year. I will die someday. ②be going to do有迹象将要发生Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.★-I’m going to watch a movie.（事先打算）What about you? Do you have any plan? -No, I don’t. I will go with you.（事先未考虑的意图）③be to do表示计划安排要做，或者按照命令、指示、约定、职责、义务等，应该做的事。He is to get married next year. No one is to leave the cinema without the police’s permission. ④be about to do（be on the point of doing）即将，正要做。不与确切的时间状语连用，但可与when从句连用。Look! The race is about to start.⑤be