组织行为学——第14章 组织结构原理.ppt

14-* 1.说明组织结构的六个要素； 2.描述一般组织的结构设计； 3.比较虚拟组织和无边界组织； 4.说明不同组织结构的差异； 5.分析不同组织结构设计对行为的影响； 6.展示全球化对组织结构有什么影响。 本章小结 * * Organizational structure depicts how job tasks are formally divided, grouped and coordinated. The key elements of organizational structure include work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization, decentralization and formalization. * A key part of organizational structure is understanding the degree to which tasks are divided into separate jobs or work specialization. The division of labor is helpful in creating the most efficient way to utilize employee skills, increase their skills and maximize their input. Work specialization can cause greater economies, but in some cases it can cause diminishing returns due to repetition which can lead to boredom. Job enlargement can be effective in creating greater efficiencies than specialization. * Departmentalization defines how jobs are grouped together. There are a number of options to choose from when grouping jobs; you could organize around function, product, location, process or customer. When jobs are grouped, departments are formed. * The chain of command represents the line of authority present in decision making. Embedded in the chain of command is the inherent right of a manager to give orders and expect the orders to be followed. Unity of command is the idea that a subordinate should have only one superior to report to so that directions and the chain of command are clear. As organizations change this concept is becoming less and less important. * The fourth element of structure is span of control. This concept looks at how many workers a manager can effectively direct towards organizational goals. Wider span allows for more efficiency because you need fewer managers. However, it can also limit the amount of time and direction a manager can give to their employees. A narrow span can allow for more direction but can add layers of managemen