表观遗传学回顾.ppt

DNA修复和染色质修饰 组蛋白内作用因子,也被称为chromatin-assembly因素(CAF),能可优先结合组蛋白亚序列。 染色质DNA复制时chromatin-assembly因子1(CAF1),可以优先结合乙酰化H3和H4,。CAF-1还会促进染色质DNA修复和装配。 研究技术 染色质免疫共沉淀与ChIP-on-chip和ChIP-seq结合, 荧光原位杂交 DNA腺嘌呤甲基化酶鉴定和 (DamID) 和亚硫酸氢盐浰序。 生物信息学方法发挥着越来越大的作用(计算表观遗传学)。 * 进行性肺病 * 王牌大贱牒2 In lymphoid organs endothelial cells express oligs recognised by L-selectin on lymphocytes, causing them to loiter At inflammation sites endothelial cells express selectins to catch white blood cells and platelets Collaboration with integrins Some proteoglycans secreted as mucus, etc. Apical = outside (e.g. facing gut) Tryp. uses phospholipases in plasma membrane The molecular switches fall into two main classes that operate in different ways, although in both cases it is the gain or loss of phosphate groups that determines whether the protein is active or inactive. The largest class consists of proteins that are activated or inactivated by phosphorylation (discussed in Chapter 3). For these proteins, the switch is thrown in one direction by a protein kinase, which adds one or more phosphate groups to the signaling protein, and in the other direction by a protein phosphatase, which removes the phosphate groups from the protein (Figure 15-17A). It is estimated that one-third of the proteins in a eucaryotic cell are phosphorylated at any given time. The other main class of molecular switches involved in signaling are GTP-binding proteins (discussed in Chapter 3). These switch between an active state when GTP is bound and an inactive state when GDP is bound. Once activated, they have intrinsic GTPase activity and shut themselves off by hydrolyzing their bound GTP to GDP (Figure 15-17B). There are two major types of GTP-binding proteins large trimeric GTP-binding proteins (also called G proteins), which relay the signals from G-protein-linked receptors (see Figure 15-15B), and small monomeric GTPases (also called monomeric GTP-binding proteins). The latter also help to relay intracellular signals, but in addit