Part Two (IV)修辞学.ppt

5)All the wit and learning of the world were assembled here.( for wise and learned people) 6)This fox goes well with your cap. 7)The mercury reads 3 degrees below zero. ( for thermometer whose essential component is mercury) 8)Give us this day our daily bread. Metonymy Synecdoche It is true that metonymy and synecdoche are confusing and it is difficult for people to distinguish them. In fact, the difference between them is obvious. With synecdoche, the relationship between the two things involved is part-and –whole; whereas, with metonymy, the two things involved are completely different, they are simply juxtaposed and closely correlated. 1)Her heart ruled her head. 2)He paid the workers $5 per head. Clearly, in 1) “heart” is for “feeling”, “head” for “reasoning”. The reason for these substitutes is that heart is generally acknowledged to correlate to our feeling, and head, to our reasoning. While in 2) “head” is for “worker”, the relation between head and the whole body is that of part and whole. Identify Metonymy and Synecdoche: 1)Let’s drink a cup or two. 2)They were short of hands. 3)He likes to read Hemingway. 4)My TV is out of order. 5)The pen is mightier than the sword. 6)He could hardly earn his everyday bread. 7)The poor man is now left without a roof. This famous port used to be a harbor which was crowded with masts. It may be regarded as synecdoche, because “mast” is in the case the part for the whole “ship”; or it may be metonymy, because “mast” serves as a symbol of a “ship”. Synecdoche is now usually included under metonymy. 5.Personification: it is a very common figure of speech which attributes human characteristics to impersonal things, such as animals, inanimate objects, or abstraction. It is usually employed to add vividness to expression. 1)Time is the best physician. 2)The kettle is singing joyfully. 3) The gentle breeze caressed my cheeks and soothed my anger. 4)Life had cheated her. 5)This corner has witnesse