unit 2名词性从句的译法.ppt

一、主语从句 1．以what, whatever, whoever 等代词引导的主语从句翻译时一般可按原文顺序翻译。 Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. 他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。 2．以it 作形式主语所引出的真主语从句，翻译时视情况可以提前，也可以不提前。 （1）形式主语从句提前译，为了强调起见，it一般可以译出来，如果不需要强调，it也可以不译出来。 It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not. 他参加不参加会议没有多大关系。 （2）形式主语从句不提前，it一般不需要译出来。 It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。 二、宾语从句 1．用that, what, how引导的宾语从句汉译时一般不需要改变它在原句的顺序。 I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down. 我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只得谢绝。 有时可加“说”字，再接下去译原文宾语从句的内容。 Smith replied that he was sorry. 斯密斯回答说，他感到遗憾。 2．用it作形式宾语的句子，汉译时that引起的宾语从句一般可按原文顺序；it不译。 I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning. 我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十时前交卷。 但有时在译文中也可将that引起的宾语从句提前。 I regard it as an honour that I am chosen to attend the meeting. 我被选参加会议，感到光荣。 三、表语从句 英语表语从句跟宾语从句一样，一般可按原文顺序翻译。 What he emphasized over and over again was that, no matter how difficult it might be , they should never retreat even for an inch. 他所再三强调的是，不管多么困难，他们决不应该后退寸步。 That was how a small nation won the victory over a big power. 就这样，小国战胜了大国。 四、同位语从句 同位语从句是用来对名词（或代词）作进一步的解释。同位语可以是单词、短语或从句，这里先介绍英语同位语从句的译法。 1．同位语从句汉译时不提前 He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again. 他表示希望再到中国来访问。 2．同位语从句汉译时提前 1) Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored. 然而，从一开始，我仍然活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。 2) It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay. 应由他承担延误的责任，这个事实是改变不了的。 3．增加“即”（或“以为”）或用冒号、破折号分开 But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景并不妙。 用单词、短语作同位语的译法 1．说明身份、称号的英语同位语往往放在专有名词后面，汉译时一般放在前面。 According to Snyder, my cousin, Oswald mentioned this matter. 根据我表兄斯奈德的叙述，奥斯瓦德提到过这件事。 2．限制性同位语以及用形容词、数词等作进一步说明的同位语在英语中往往放在本位语后面，汉译时一般毋需改变位置。 I have been to all the cinemas in this city, big or small. 这个城市里的电影院我都到过，大的也