南京市大气沉降中重金属特征及对土壤环境的影响.pdf

中国环境科学 2014,34(1) ：22~29 China Environmental Science 南京市大气沉降中重金属特征及对土壤环境的影响 1,2 1 1 1* 李山泉 ,杨金玲 ,阮心玲 ,张甘霖 (1. 中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 江 南京 210008 ；2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049) 摘要：为明确城市大气重金属沉降对土壤环境的影响,在对南京市 6 个典型城市功能区连 4a 大气(干、湿)沉降中重金属(Cu、Zn 、Pb 、 Cr、Ni)含量、通量、时空变异等方面研究的基础上,结合不同功能区表土重金属含量与土壤剖面 206Pb/207Pb 特征,分析其在城市土壤的累 积特征.研究显示,Cu、Zn 和 Pb 在大气沉降中强烈富集,其中又以 Cu 和 Pb 为潜在生态危害的关键元素.大气沉降导致除在相对未受城市人 为活动影响的风景区外各功能区表土重金属均有明显富集,这种富集受大气沉降重金属含量和沉降量的共同影响.土壤累积模式预测钢铁 工业区表土受大气重金属沉降影响的长期累积增量最大, 以 Zn 和 Pb 最明显.钢铁工业区土壤剖面 Pb 含量和同位素特征显示表层 20cm 土 体受大气沉降影响明显,206Pb/207Pb 二元模型与预测模式对定量大气 Pb 沉降的土壤影响结果较一致,表明土壤中某些重金属的累积与大气 沉降密切相关. 关键词：大气沉降；重金属；土壤；富集系数；潜在生态危害；Pb 同位素 中图分类号：X513, X53 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2014)01-0022-08 Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals and their impacts on soil environmentin in typical urban areas of Nanjing. LI Shan-quan1,2 1 1 1* , YANG Jin-ling , RUAN Xin-ling , ZHANG Gan-lin (1.State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 ；2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China). China Environmental Science, 2014,34(1)：22~29 Abstract ：Atmospheric deposition (wet and dry) of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni) in six different urban function zones of Nanjing were monitored monthly from year 2005 to 2008. Heavy metals of surface soils in each zone and 206Pb/207Pb ratio in a particular soil profile were studied to explore the effect of atmospheric deposition on soil environment. Enrichment factor and potential ecological risk index showed that Cu, Zn andPb were strongly anthropogenicallyenriched, and Cu, Pb were the critical elementswith potential eco