12.Pericardium医学英文电子书.pdf

12 Pericardium ´ Yan-Fen Shi, Andre Y. Denault, Yoan Lamarche, and Jean-Claude Tardif ´ ´ Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada 2 1 / Massimiliano Meineri 9 1 / University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 1 0 n o y t i s r e v i n U e l t INTRODUCTION PERICARDIAL EFFUSION s a c AND CARDIAC TAMPONADE w Echocardiography is used widely to assess the peri- e N y cardium and extracardiac anatomical structures for The amount of serous liquid in the pericardial sac can b m evaluation of conditions such as pericardial effusion increase due to increased production or decreased o c. (PE). Spectral Doppler evaluation, in relation to respi- resorption from inflammation, myocardial infarction, e r ratory changes, has given useful insights into the infection, neoplasia, or intracardiac-pericardial commu- a c h t physiological consequences of these abnormalities nication. As a result, the larger collection of pericardial l a e and helped to confirm the presence of cardiac tampo- fluid separates the visceral pericardium from the pari- h a