A reference guide and tutorial on encoders for （参考和指导教程编码器）.pdf

E N C O D E R A P P L I C A T I O N H A N D B O O K A reference guide and tutorial on encoders for motion control: types, technologies, applications, and installations. GENERAL Encoders are sensors that generate digital signals in response to movement. Both shaft encoders, which respond to rotation, and linear encoders, which respond to motion in a line, are available. When used in conjunction with mechanical conver- sion devices, such as rack-and-pinions, measuring wheels, or spindles, shaft encoders can also be used to measure linear movement, speed, and position. Encoders are available with a choice of outputs. Incremental encoders generate a series of pulses as they move. These pulses can be used to measure speed, or be fed to a counter to keep track of position. Absolute encoders generate multi-bit digital words that indicate actual position directly. Encoders can be used in a wide variety of applications. They act as feedback trans- ducers for motor-speed control, as sensors for measuring, cutting and positioning, and as input for speed and rate controls. Some examples are listed below • Door control devices • Assembly machines • Robotics • Labeling machines • Lens grinding machines • x/y indication • Plotters • Analysis devices • Testing machines • Drilling machines • Ultrasonic welding • Mixing machines • Converting machinery • Medical equipment SENSING TECHNOLOGY Encoders can use either optical or magnetic sensing technology. Optical sensing provides high resolutions, high operating speeds, and reliable, long life operation in most industrial environments. Magnetic sensing, often used in such rugged applica- tions as steel and paper mills, provides good resolution, high operating speeds, and maximum res