2014年深圳新版牛津八年级下册 Unit 1 不定式用法讲解.doc

2014年深圳新版牛津八年级上册 Unit 1 不定式用法讲解 1. 不定式的基本形式：to + 动词原形，有时可以省略to。 2. 动词不定式的特点： （1）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。 （2）动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语可构成动词不定式短语。例如：to read a book; to sing at the party。 （3）动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 3. 动词不定式作宾语：即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后，是谓语动词涉及的直接对象，如果没有这个不定式，这个句子的意思就让人难以理解。能直接带不定式作宾语的及物动词主要有： want, like, love, need, try, ask, learn, begin, start, forget, remember, hope, wish, agree, choose, fail, refuse, decide, afford, offer, make sure, take turns, would like, plan, hate, try one’s best等。 My mother agrees to buy a pair of sports shoes for me. We decide to have a party. She hopes to be an engineer. As the lights turned green. All the cars started to go. Sorry. I forgot to tell you about the news. Tom remembered to leave the keys on the desk. Mr Liu is arranging to have an Speaking English competition. The shopkeeper refused to receive the broken handbag. Mary hates to climb mountains. My father offers to pick us up. 4. 动词不定式作宾语补足语：能用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： ask, tell, get, order, would like, want, teach, show, allow, encourage, warn, wish, invite, help等。 She often invites us to take part in her party. Mom always tells me to go home on time. Our teachers encouraged us to work hard on our subjects. 5. 动词不定式作宾语补足语省略to的场合： （1）作动词let, make, have, feel, hear, see, watch, notice等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式不带to。 Let him do the work. He made me work day and night. I saw him fall off the bike. （2）作动词help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式可带to, 也可不带to。 He didn’t help me (to) mend the bike. You have helped (to) protect our environment. 6. 动词不定式的否定形式：not to + 动词原形 Tell him not to be late. I will try not to read in bed. Remember not to waste water. 7. 动词不定式作状语：即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后，仅对谓语动词起一个补充说明的作用，如果没有它，句子意思仍然完整，它不像作宾语那样，与谓语动词有着密切的关系。 （1）表示目的： The doctor came to operate on her. He has gone to town to do some shopping. I sat down to have a rest. He stopped to have a look. He rushed into the room to save the girl. They moved away the stone to let the traffic go. He g