厂商的短期最适行为.ppt

* * * * * * * 小考 設 ，若 完全競爭市場的長期均衡條件為何？ 試繪圖說明AP、MP 與AVC、MC的對應關係。 基礎經濟學 Chapter 6 完全競爭市場 6-* After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Define a perfectly competitive market, and explain why a perfect competitor faces a horizontal demand curve. Explain how a perfect competitor decides how much to produce. Use graphs to show a firm’s profit or loss. Explain why firms may shut down temporarily. Explain how entry and exit ensure that firms earn zero economic profit in the long run. Explain how perfect competition leads to economic efficiency. 設 ，若 經濟學通常將產業歸為四種市場結構，是指那四種？各舉一實例。 試繪圖說明AP、MP 與AVC、MC的對應關係。 基礎經濟學 Chapter 6 完全競爭市場 6-* Perfectly Competitive Markets Perfectly competitive market A market that meets the conditions of (1) many buyers and sellers, (2) all firms selling identical products, (3) no barriers to new firms entering the market. 基礎經濟學 Chapter 6 完全競爭市場 6-* Refer to the figure below. One of the curves in this figure is not necessary in order to determine the profit-maximizing level of output. Which curve can be discarded? a. The marginal cost curve. b. The demand curve. c. The average total cost curve. d. None of the above. All three curves must remain in place in order to determine which level of output maximizes profit. 基礎經濟學 Chapter 6 完全競爭市場 6-* Deciding Whether to Produce or to Shut Down in the Short Run In the short run a firm suffering losses has two choices: Continue to produce Stop production by shutting down temporarily Sunk cost A cost that has already been paid and that cannot be recovered. 基礎經濟學 Chapter 6 完全競爭市場 6-* EXPLICIT COSTS Water Wages Organic fertilizer Electricity Payment on bank loan $25,000 $35,000 $14,000 $5,000 $6,000 IMPLICIT COSTS Foregone salary Opportunity cost of the $100,000 she has invested in her farm Total Cost $30,000 $10,000 $125,000 Farmer Appleseed’s Costs per Year Opportunity co