第5章 八大翻译技巧.ppt

翻译常用的八种技巧 1.这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。  2.天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。 The sky is blue, blue; And the steppe wide, wide; Over grass that the wind has battered low; Sheep and oxen roam. 重复法 (repetition) 汉语重复,英译时也重复; 根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表达方式进行重复,这种重复通常是为了传达原文的生动性. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 子曰:“学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。” Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.” 增译法 (amplification) 为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就叫增译法. 增词义增加虚词为多，也可酌量增加实词。 英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。 从增补的功能来看，可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。 郭沫若同志曾说: “中国人历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。” Comrade Guo Moro once said: “The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.” 减译法 (omission) 增译法的反面 减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意,或者在译文中是不言而喻的; 减译法是删去一些可有可无的, 或者有了反而累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词, 并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。 For students of composition, an awareness that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help them become more quickly proficient in a writing pattern that is not native to them. 学习写作的人若能意识到各种文化在修辞模式上的差别，则有助于他们迅速掌握对他们来说是外在的写作模式。 林则徐认为, 要成功地禁止鸦片买卖, 得首先把鸦片焚毁。 Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself. 词类转换法 (conversion) 英译汉时词类转换的核心是根据需要将具有动作性的名词转换为汉语的动词，或者将可表示概念的动词转换为汉语名词。 汉译英时则反其道而行之。 她，一个瘦弱多病的女孩子，以她坚强的毅力写出了一部催人奋进的小说。 A thin and weak girl susceptible to diseases, she wrote one inspiring novel after another with her strong will. 一直在一旁观看的小学生们开始鼓起掌来。 The pupils that had been watching started to applaud. conclusion: inversion （语序调整法