产后抑郁症发病现状及发病因素研究.doc

产后抑郁症发病现状及发病因素研究【摘要】目的：探讨产后抑郁症发生率及其影响因素。方法：应用人格问卷调查、抑郁自评量表、汉姆顿抑郁量表对韶关粤北人民医院345例产妇进行产后抑郁症及其相关因素的调查。结果：孕产妇产后抑郁症的发生率为9.57 %(33/ 345) ；性格、职业、经济状况、新生儿性别、家庭关系等影响着产后抑郁症发生。结论：产后抑郁症围生期妇女中具有较高的发生率，不良的社会心理因素能诱发其产生；加强宣传教育，改善孕产妇生活环境等有利于降低产后抑郁症发生。 【关键词】产后抑郁症；孕产妇；社会心理因素 文章编号：1009-5519（2007）11-1607-02 中图分类号：R71 文献标识码：A Pathogenic condition of postpartum depression in pregnant women and its related factors ZHONG Yong-hong1,XU Hong-yan1,CHEN Gui-lan1,LIU Lian-qi2 (1.The People’s Hospital of Yuebei,Guangdong 512025,China;2.The Third People’s Hospital of Yuebei,Guangdong 512025,China) 【Abstract】Objective:To investigate the incidence of postpartum depression in pregnant women and its related psychosocial factors in Shaoguan of Guangdong province.Methods:345 pregnant women were studied by the ways of EPQ,SDS,HAMD.Results:The incidence rate of postpartum depression in pregnant women was 9.57%(33/345).This study showed that the following factors were associated with postpartum depression,such as character,profession,economic condition,sex of newborn,family relation and so on.Conclusion:Some harmful psychosocial factors could induce the occurrence of postpartum depression.The way to reduce the incidence was to care for the psychological health of the pregnant women,propagandize some knowledge about delivery and build a harmonious family. 【Key words】Postpartum depression；Pregnant woman；Psychosocial factor 由于围生期妇女经历了怀孕、分娩、哺乳等几个时期，精神承受了巨大的压力，容易诱发精神疾病，产后12个月内更是妇女精神疾病的高危时期[1]， 产后抑郁症病因复杂，为探讨产后抑郁症发生有关的产科因素和心理学因素，我们对345例产后妇女进行了随访调查，结果如下。 1 对象与方法 1.1 对象选择：选择2003年4月～2005年4月在韶关粤北人民医院足月分娩并行产后检查的产妇共345例，产妇年龄20～39 岁，平均(26.5±2.8)岁。所有调查对象均排除智力障碍，脑部疾病及精神病病史，具一定文化程度，能理解问卷内容，自愿合作，于产后30～60天回院检查时发放问卷进行自评调查， 调查对象独立或在医生指导下完成答卷。 1.2 工具与方法：在孕早期发给每例被调查者艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）测定人格特征，分为E（内外倾），N(稳定性)，P（精神质）L（掩饰性）四种人格维度评定；发给抑郁自评量表(SDS)，进行自评。抑郁自评量表有:忧郁、症状晨重晚轻、易哭、睡眠障碍、食欲减退感、体重减轻感、易倦感、思考困难感、能力减退感、不安感、绝望感、易激惹、决断困难感、无用感、生活空虚感、无价值感、兴趣丧失感等20个症状。对SDS评分≥0.5分者，再采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表( HAMD)他评。按原始量表21条题目中前17项题目计算总分，HAMD评