论俸禄制实行之前北魏官吏的收入.doc

延 边 大 学 （ 二 〇 一 五 年 五 月  摘 要 北魏(386-534)建国后至太和八年（484）为止，国家对大部分中央、地方官僚没有颁发俸禄，使北魏持续了近一百年百官无禄的状态。北魏建立到439年华北统一为止，长期以征战为立国的重心。当时维持整个国家机器正常运转的经济基础是建立在征战掠夺、临时征发等特殊途径上，较多地保留了军事部落联盟原始形态，统治政策缺乏制度化和稳定性。通过收集历史文献资料以及现行的研究成果，对北魏建国初期面临的多种社会性质和多种经济形态共存的社会经济状况，没有建立俸禄制度的主客观原因，无俸禄制度下中央、地方官吏的收入来源，以及这样的收入途径对北魏统治的影响，进行了较细致的探究。北魏建国后，具有游牧部落传统的鲜卑拓跋族统治者面临民族构成复杂和社会经济状况非常复杂的局面，不仅维持了原来的游牧部落的传统分配模式，还受到了开国皇帝道武帝个人意志的干预。无俸禄制下中央官吏的收入来源于班赏、廪给、赏赐物的自然增值、经商等，而地方官吏的经济收入主要靠自行解决。无禄制下的北魏官吏的收入模式又对北魏统治稳定起了积极和消极双向的作用。 关键词：百官无禄； 官吏的收入； 班赏 ；廪给 ； 腐败 Abstract Northern wei dynasty (386-534) after the founding until wo eight years (in 484), the country for most of the central and local bureaucrats not issue the salary, the northern wei dynasty lasted for nearly one hundred years without Paul state officials. The northern wei dynasty to the unification of north China in 439 founded, to for a long time in the center of gravity for statehood. Was to maintain the whole national economic basis for normal operation of the machine is based on their plunder, temporary purveyance special ways, such as more to retain the original form of military tribal alliances, and lack of institutionalized and stability rule policy. the northern wei dynasty in the early days after foundation of coexistence of a variety of social nature and a variety of economic form of social and economic situation, did not establish the subjective and objective reasons of salary system, no salary system source of income for the central and local officials, as well as to the income of the influence of the northern wei dynasty rule, carried out a detailed inquiry. After the founding of the northern wei xianbei extension postscript to the families of the traditional nomadic rulers face a national complex and the situation of social economic situation is very complicated, not only to maintain the original traditional distribution mode of the nomads, also by the founding emperor emperor wudi personal interventio