低等生命进化成马.PDF

Evolution of Horse from Lower Life Forms? 低等生命進化成馬? • Chance of forming the 2000 enzymes needed for cells: 40000 1 in 10 40000 形成所需要的2000 細胞酶的機會是 1 in 10 • Age of universe 30 billions years ~ 1018 sec 宇宙的年齡 300億年~ 1018 sec • # particles in universe ~ 1080 宇宙中的粒子數量~ 1080 • Total chance ~ 1018 x 1080 / 1040000 ~ 1 in 1039902 39902 總機會是1 in 10 Evolution of Horse from Lower Life Forms? 低等生命進化成馬? • Mutation: 99.9% harmful, 0.1% neutral or beneficial ~ 1 in 103 基因突變：99.9％有害，0.1％中性或有益 ~ 1 in 103 • # beneficial mutations required ~ 1,000,000 需要有益基因突變~ 1,000,000 • Chance for evolution of horse ~ 1 in 103,000,000 馬的進化機會是~ 1 in 103,000,000 • No one would bet on anything so improbable happening. And yet it has happened! 沒有人會打賭如此不可能的事會發生。但事實它已經發生了。 • It has happened, thanks to the working of natural selection 它已經發生了, 由於物競天擇的結果。 -Julian Huxley Evolution of Horse from Lower Life Forms? 低等生命進化成馬? • Chance for winning the $1.6 billion Powerball jackpot in January 2016~ 1 in 109 贏得2016年1月的$16億美國強力球彩票的機會~ 1 in 109 • Chance for evolution of horse ~ 1 in 103,000,000 馬的進化機會是~ 1 in 103,000,000 • Chance for evolution of horse ~ winning the $1.6 billion Powerball jackpot 333,333 times in a row 馬的進化機會是相等贏得2016年1月的$16億美國強力球彩票 連續333333次 Blind Faith in Evolution 迷信進化論 • All of us who study the origin of life find that the more we look into it, the more we feel that it is too complex to have evolved anywhere. 生命的起源太複雜...不可能是進化來的 • We believe as an article of faith that life evolved from dead matter on this planet. It is just that its complexity is so great, it is hard for us to imagine tha