明末清初图们江内外瓦尔喀研究.pdf

2003 1 董 万 清初著作记有东海瓦尔喀, 学术界多谓是东海库尔喀或牡丹江虎尔哈之异称本文 瓦尔喀 诸问题进行探讨, 提出新看法: ( 1 ) 东海瓦尔喀是指明末清初分布在图们江内外的女真人( 2 ) 他 们是明初建州斡朵里部建州兀良哈部毛怜兀良哈部以及狭义 女真的胤裔( 3 ) 特别 安楚拉 库瓦尔喀进行了研究, 提出其地域在今和龙市境, 是明初第三毛怜卫胤裔, 纠正了乾隆时绘制的 战迹舆图标注于阿勒楚喀之误(4 ) 建州部乌拉部剽掠瓦尔喀进行了分析, 提出努尔哈赤把 瓦尔喀强行掳掠到建州, 实际是使流落各地的支系骨血归宗这一行动充实了建州女真的军事实 力, 促进了农业发展, 为其统一女真诸部, 建立后金政权, 奠定了基础 关键词: 明末清初 图们江 瓦尔喀 女真 作者董万 , 哈尔滨师范大学历史系教授地址: 哈尔滨市南岗区民益街1 76 号2 01 , 邮编 150006 70 71 2003 1 72 73 2003 1 74 75 2003 1 76 77 Ethno- Nat ional Studies, No. 1 , 2003 their cultural adaptation to the ecological environment they live in. The discussion covers the w ay of production, w ay of life, natural resources management mechanism and their mode of marriage and family. T he paper suggests that a culture is the adaptation system of a people to their natural and social surroundings. The interaction etween culture and nature, or cultures adaptation to nature, can e called ecological culture, which is a people s adaptation system to the natural environmen