大学物理学6-4.ppt

University Physics;一、 不确定关系 ;例：有一粒子在一维空间运动，其波函数为;16-7 薛定谔方程;三、定态薛定谔方程;(1) 求解粒子能量和定态波函数 ;Schr?dinger proposed the widely-used version of quantum mechanics known as “wave mechanics,” a development of L. de Broglie’s hypothesis. Schr?dinger’s equation governs the structure and properties of all atoms, molecules, and macroscopic bodies except where relativistic effects are important; it is the most important equation in 20th century physical science.;;波函数在 x = 0 处连续，有;量子数为 n 的定态波函数为; 由驻波条件推出能量量子化;例 设质量为m 的微观粒子处在宽度为L 的一维无限深势阱中，;例 ;2.定态薛定谔方程;定态薛定谔方程：;;;(3) 透射系数T 随势垒宽度a、粒子质量m 和能量差变化， 随着势垒的加宽、加高透射系数减小。 ;The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986;七.氢原子;能量;2. 角动量量子化 ;磁量子数 ml = 0 , ±1 , ±2;(1) 实验现象;由于磁场作用, 原子附加能量为 ;§16.7 电子自旋 四个量子数;分立沉积线的解释;二. 电子自旋;三.决定原子中电子运动状态的四个量子数 ;;The Nobel Prize in Physics 1945 “for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle”. This principle was needed for the quantum-mechanical explanation of the electronic structure and chemical properties of atoms. ;原子处于正常状态时，每个电子都趋向占据可能的最低能级 ;例