黑龙江玉米霉变粒发生原因与防御对策-中国农学通报.PDF

中国农学通报 2014,30(30):228-233 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 黑龙江省玉米霉变粒发生原因与防御对策 1 1 1 1 2 矫 江 ，王连敏 ，王立志 ，项洪涛 ，姜丽霞 1 2 （黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培所，哈尔滨150086；黑龙江省农业气象科研所，哈尔滨150030） 摘 要：为了减轻黑龙江省玉米霉变粒损失，采用生产调查和统计对比分析方法，研究了黑龙江省玉米霉 变粒发生情况和发生的原因。结果表明：2013 年黑龙江省玉米大范围发生霉变粒，除主要是秋季收获 后降水量多和温度较高等气象原因外，玉米面积增长快，农户收获机具发展滞后和存贮条件不完善等， 也是造成发生的重要原因。预防玉米发生霉变粒需要采取综合技术对策：主要有加快选育推广适应机 械收获和后期脱水快的早熟新品种；加快发展收获机械和建设“水玉米”烘干社会化服务体系，以及完善 建设存贮设施等。同时还提出了深入分析气候变化对寒地玉米生产的影响，重新划分黑龙江省玉米种 植积温带等需要深入研究的问题。 关键词：玉米霉变粒；气候变化；玉米发展；防灾减灾；黑龙江省 中图分类号：X4 文献标志码：A 论文编号：2014-1442 CausesandPreventionMeasurestoMoldyGrainofMaizeinHeilongjiangProvince 1 1 1 1 2 Jiao Jiang , Wang Lianmin , Wang Lizhi , Xiang Hongtao , Jiang Lixia 1 ( CropTillageandCultivationInstitute,HeilongjiangAcademyofAgriculturalSciences, Harbin 150086; 2HeilongjiangProvinceInstituteofMeteorologicalScience, Harbin 150030) Abstract: In 2013, the situation and causes of moldy grain of maize were studied using the production survey and statistical analysis method in order to reduce the grain losses in Heilongjiang province. The results showed that: moldy grain of maize occurred widely in Heilongjiang province, the causes included meteorological factors, such as larger precipitation and higher temperature after harvest in autumn, as well as the speed of growing of planting area, the lag of harvest machinery development and the inadequate storage conditions. And the