1 Human Body课件.ppt

MEDICAL ENGLISH;Reference;Exam;My Topics;Human Body ; ;Organism;;;;Combining words;;Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems…;The skeletal system;;;;The muscular system;;The muscular system;;The circulatory system;The circulatory system;;;;;;The respiratory system;The respiratory system;;The digestive system;The digestive system;The digestive system;;;;The urinary system;The urinary system;;The fluid that leaves the kidneys, known as urine 尿, travels through a tube called the ureter 输尿管 to the bladder 膀胱. The bladder holds the urine until it is voided from the body through another tube, the urethra 尿道. ;The endocrine system;The two systems that control body activities are the endocrine system and the nervous system. The former exerts its control by means of chemical messengers called hormones. ;Hormones are produced by a variety of endocrine glands, which release the hormones directly into the blood stream. A major gland is the pituitary 垂体, which is located under the brain in the middle of the head. ;It produces at least eight hormones, which affect growth, kidney function, and development of the sex organs. Because some of the pituitarys hormones stimulate other glands to produce their own hormones, the pituitary called the master gland. ; Others endocrine glands are the thyroid, the pancreas and the adrenal glands. ;The nervous system;The nervous system;Above these regions are the centers for sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste, and the regions that direct voluntary 自主的muscular activities of the arms and legs. Performed here are the higher functions of integrating and processing information. ;The brain receives and sends information by means of nerves, many of which lie partly in the spinal cord脊髓. The spinal cord is protected by the spinal column 脊柱. Nerves enter and leave the spinal cord at each level of the body, traveling to and from the arms, legs, and trunk. ;These nerves bring information from the various sense organs. The