1 Human Inquiry and Science课件.ppt

Human Inquiry and Science人类研究与科学;Holographic Overview;Contents;1 Introduction;2 Looking for reality寻求真实;(1) Tradition传统;(2)Authority权威 ;（3）Errors in Inquiry and Some Solutions研究误区与解决方式;Inaccurate observations不准确的观察;Overgeneration过度概化;Illogical reasoning非逻辑推理;Selected observation选择性观察;（3） What’s Really Real? 什么是真正的真实？;? Premodern view 前现代观点P21;Modern view 现代观点P22 ;Postmodern view后现代观点;3 The foundations of social science 社会科学的基础;;袁方：社会学研究方法体系-三个层次;(1)Theory, not philosophy or belief ;(2) Social regularities社会规律;Three objections to social regularities;(3) Aggregates, not individual总体而不个体; (4) A variable language 变量语言 ;Variables变量 it varies. 取不同值的概念 “stubborn” “conservative” “antifeminism” Variable systems变量系统 the cause of “antifeminism” Attributes属性: or values. characteristics or qualities that describe an object. 也称变量的取值，描述对象的特征或质量 Variables have attributes. are logic grouping of attributes.变量具有属性，是属性逻辑组合 ;;The relationship between variables and attributes;Relationship association involves in causation 关系涉及到因果 Cause 原因 Effect 结果 Independent variables 自变量 Dependent variables 因变量 ;4 Some dialectics of social research社会科学研究中的辩证关系;(1)Idiographic (个案式)and nomothetic(通则式) explanation;(2) Inductive and deductive theory归纳与演绎;;(3)Qualitative and quantitative data质性与量化资料;目的 ;抽样 法 ;5 The ethics of social research社会科学研究的伦理问题