Chapter 1 Media,technology,and learning课件.ppt

Chapter 1 Media,technology,and learning;Knowledge objectives;? 4. Explain the concrete-abstract continuum, indicating how it can be used to aid in the selection of media;6. Describe 6 of the 10 methods of instruction discussed in this chapter;behaviorism cognitivism constructivism Humanism Schema Assimilation accommodation;LEARNING;Learning is the development of new knowledge ,skills or attitudes, as an individual interacts with information and the environment ;;Psychological perspectives on learning;How instructors view the role of media and technology in the classroom depends very much on their beliefs about how people learn ;Skinner was a proponent of behaviorism but with an important difference, he was interested in voluntary behavior, such as learning new skill, rather than reflexive behavior, as illustrated by Pavlov’s famous salivating dog. ;;;图式是指个体对世界的知觉.理解和思考的方式,可以将它看成一个心理活动的框架或组织结构 ;Assimilation is the cognitive process by which learners integrates new information and experiences into existing schemata ;the process of modifying existing schemata or creating new ones is called accommodation;it considers the engagement of students in meaningful experiences as the essence of learning . ;constructivists emphasize that learners create their own interpretations of the world of information. ; the constructivist will argue that students situate the learning experience within their own experience and that the goal of instruction is not to teach information but to create situations so that students can interpret information for their own understanding. ;the constructivist believes that learning occurs most effectively when students are engaged in authentic tasks that relate to meaningful contexts. ;The ultimate measure of learning is therefore based on the ability of the student to use knowledge to facilitate thinking in real life ;approaches to learning;Instruction is the arrangement of information and environment to facilitate learning. Gagne described in