英语词汇学7-2课件.ppt

7.2. Antonymy ;7.2.1 Types of antonyms;(a) Gradable antonyms;The more/less relation is evident in a number of ways:;(b) Complementary antonyms;Complementary terms are non-gradable; l?He is very dead ( or very alive), l?He is more dead than the other one. Differences between Complementaries and contraries: ----Complementaries cannot be modified by adverbs to convey the degree of its intensity, nor can it be handled in terms of comparison. ----complementaries admits no intermediate members, whereas in contraries, intermediate terms are permissible. e.g. * This woman is neither alive nor dead. The woman is neither rich nor poor. ;(c) Converse Antonyms/Relation opposites; (d) Semantic incompatible e.g. north, south, east, west; spring, summer, autumn, winter; January, February… December; Sunday, Monday… Saturday ;7.2.2 Some relevant points about antonyms: ;2. Different antonyms under different circumstances;b. Different context also bring about different antonyms;Sometimes the same word in the same collocation may have different. e.g. a clever worker (quick in learning and understanding things),a stupid worker; a clever worker (skillful) , a clumsy worker. a powerful man ( having greater power), a powerless man; a powerful man ( very strong), a weak man.;3.Lexical antonyms vs syntactic negation: Lexical antonyms is often stronger than syntactic negation (using not). C.f. impossible-- not possible unfair--not fair disloyal--not loyal to disobey-- not to obey The following quotation from Charles Dickens illustrates the above point: I am sorry to inform you that we are not at all satisfied with your sister. We are very much dissatisfied with her. ;4. Word order of antonymous pairs: ;7.2.3. Uses of antonyms;Oxymoron(矛盾修饰法);The most common form of oxymoron involves an adjective-noun combination. cruel kindness, creative destruction, victorious defeat, audible stillness, visible darkness, open secret, living d