(词汇学)Word Formation课件.ppt

Lexicology;Ⅰ. Word Formation;There are three major processes of word formation: derivation, compounding and conversion.;(Ⅰ). Derivation: （派生）;Prefixes: The major living prefixes are classified into the following eight categories by their meaning.;;3. “pejorative”prefixes (mis-, mal-, pseudo-, ) eg: mistake (v), misunderstand (v), misfortune (n), maladjustment (n), malformation (n), maladminister (v), pseudo-science (n), pseudoclassic (a),;4. “degree or size”prefixes (arch-, super-, out-, sub-, over-, under-, hyper-, ultra-, mini-, ) eg: archbishop (n), arch-criminal (n), archenemy (n), supermarket (n), superpower (n), superfine (adj) outdo (v), outlive (v), outgo (v), subeditor (n), subdivide (v), subtitle (n), overdo (v), overbuy (v), overestimate (v), hypersonic (a), hypersensitive (a), hypertension (n), ultra-democracy (n), ultrarapid (a), ultrared (a), minibus (n), miniskirt (n), minigun (n), ;5. “attitude”prefixes (co-, counter-, anti-, pro-, ) eg: cooperate (v) 合作, coheir (n) 共同继承人， coexist (v) 共存， counterattack (n,v) 反击， counter-revolutionary (adj) 反革命的， anti-Japanese (adj) 抗日的， antiwar (adj) 反战的， anticolonial (adj) 反殖民地的 anti-drinking(adj) 反对酗酒的 pro-American (adj) 亲美的， pro-Japanese (adj) 亲日的， ;6. “locative”prefixes (sub-, inter-, trans-, ) eg: subway (n) 地铁， subtitle (n) 副标题， subsurface (adj) 表面下的 international (adj), intercity (adj) 市间的， interact (v) 相互作用，相互影响 transport (v) 运输， transfer (v) 转移，调动 transmit (v) 转播 trans-Atlantic (adj) 穿越大西洋的，;7. “time and order”prefixes (fore-, pre-, post-, ex-, ) eg: forecast (v,n) 预报， foresee (v) 预见，