医学英语 Pharmacology 药理学课件.ppt

Pharmacology  Zhanqin Huang Dept. of Pharmacology zqhuang@stu.edu.cn What is pharmacology? The word pharmacology derives from the Greek word for drug, pharmakon. Basic knowledge of drug DRUG NOMENCLATURE DRUG PREPARATIONS DRUG ADMINISTRATION Drug nomenclature Chemical name Generic name Brand name Brand name sometimes is more popular than generic name Preparations Drug administration Oral Inhalational Topical Parenteral administration The effects of drugs Therapeutic action of drugs Excitation : Diuretics ( Furosemide) Inhibition : ACEI (Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, Catopril ) Etiological treatment antibiotics Symptomatic treatment antihypertensive drugs Adverse drug reaction : is the undesirable effect of drug associated with the use of given medications. Side effect: is an effect secondary to the one intended with normal dose. Atropin : gastrointestinal relaxaion / pupil dilation stomachache/fundus examination, optometry Acute toxication damage on CNS, CVS, and RS. Chronic toxication : hepatotoxicity , nephrotoxicity; bone marrow; endocrine sys. Special toxications: Carcinogenesis Teratogenesis /thalidomide Mutagenesis allergic reaction/ hypersensitive reaction: Definition: A state of a person who is prone to respond abnormally to a particular antigen, which may cause a variety of tissue reactions. e.g : penicillin/allergic shock Definition: an abnormal and unexpected sensitivity exhibited by an individual to a particular drug or food. result from genetic polymorphisms that cause individual differences in drug pharmacokinetics e.g, an increased incidence of peripheral neuropathy is seen in patients with inherited deficiencies in acetylation when isoniazid is used to treat tuberculosis. Definition: a residual biological effect of drug after withdrawal. e.g. barbiturate/sedative causes hangover, which indicate dizziness next morning.