ningSouth-Western课件.ppt

Part 7;Chapter 15;Profit-Maximizing Behavior and the Hiring of Inputs;Profit-Maximizing Behavior and the Hiring of Inputs;Price-Taking Behavior;Marginal Revenue Product;A Special Case--Marginal Value Product;Marginal Value Product;Responses to Changes in Input Prices: Single Variable input Case;MVP;Responses to Changes in Input Prices: Single Variable input Case;TABLE 15-1: Hamburger Heaven’s Profit-Maximizing Hiring Decision;The Substitution Effect;Capital per week;The Output Effect;Capital per week;Responsiveness of Input Demand to Price Changes;Costs and the Output Effect;Input Supply;Labor Supply and Wages;Labor Supply and Wages;Equilibrium Input Price Determination;Wage;Shifts in Demand and Supply;Shifts in Demand and Supply;Wage;TABLE 15-2: Factors That Shift Input Demand and Supply Curves;An Overview of Labor Market;Unemployment: Those in the labor force who are not employed (for pay). Unemployment Rate: The ratio of those unemployed to those in the labor force. This is the most widely cited measure of labor market condition.;Wage Rate: The price of labor per working hour. Wage rate × Units of time worked = Earnings. Earnings + Fringe benefit = Compensation. Compensation + Unearned income (interest, dividends, transfer payments etc.) = Income ;Population (Age 15 and over);FIGURE 15-5: Demand for Labor;Market Supply: The supply of labor to a particular market is positively related to the wage rate prevailing in that market holding other wages constant.;Supply to Firms: The supply to a firm would be a horizontal line since each firm is a price taker in the competitive labor market .;FIGURE 15-8: Determination of the Wages;FIGURE 15-9: Wage rates are determined by the market and announced to individual firm.;表15-3: 重要人力指標;表15-3: 重要人力指標(續);表15-3: 重要人力指標(續);圖15-10: 70-95年台灣地區趨勢圖;圖15-11:勞動參與率;表15-4: 歷年五月台灣地區有偶婦女勞動參與率;表15-4: 歷年五月台灣地區有偶婦女勞動參與率(續);圖15-12:歷年子女年齡別有偶婦女勞動力參與率;Monopsony;Marginal Expense;A Numerical Illustration;TABLE 15-5: Labor Costs of Hiring Bear