哈医大-流行病学绪论课件.ppt

流行病学绪论Introduction of Epidemiology;医学 Medicine;医学之母 The mother of medicine ;CONTENTS 目录; Brief History of Epidemiology 流行病学简史 ;Earlier stage: ----- 18th century;Hippocrates (460-377 BC) 第一个流行病学家;The Black Death in Europe ca.1300s  欧洲黑死病; 1347-1351年 鼠疫导致2400万人死亡;;意大利威尼斯－最早的检疫; ;John Graunt (1620-1674);Graunt’s Observations; Lind .James 1716—1795 - A surgeon of English navy - By means of Epidemiologic experiment Discovered Orange prevent scurvy;James Lind (1716-1794);-Edward Jenner (1796) He used cowpox immunization in preventing smallpox. ;Edward Jenner (1749-1823);In 1979 WHO declared that smallpox has been eliminated in the whole world. Smallpox eradication should be attributed to his research .;Sir Percivall Pott: 1775;Sir Percivall Pott: 1775;;William Farr (1807-1883);-London Epidemiological Society (1850) established;London Epidemiological Society (1850);-John Snow (1848-1854);The great French Bacteriologist Louis Pasteur (1822-1895);伟大的法国微生物学家 Louis Pasteur (1822-1895);3, Development stage （发展阶段） (20th Century 40’s, 50’s ------now) Features （特点）: (1) Spectrum of disease : The study area extended from communicable diseases--- to Non-communicable /chronic disease --- to health 疾病谱 研究领域从 传染病—非传染病---健康;Ten leading causes of death 1900 and 1990 ; ;Features （特点）: （2）Research method from Survey and analysis to qualitative and quantitative combined, and macroscopic and microscopic combined 研究方法从调查分析到定性和定量结合，宏观与微观结合 (3) Social behavior factors is very important 社会行为因素非常重要 (4) There are more other related Branch of epidemiology emerge 有更多的流行病学相关分支出现 ;REVIVAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY: BEGINNING OF MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGY;流行病学复兴：现代流行病学的开始;Kenneth Rothman: The Philosopher in Epidemiology现代流行病学中的哲学家 Kenneth Rothman ;ROTHMAN AND MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGY; 1992: BIRTH OF  EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE1992年： 循证医学诞生;DAVID