基础笔译第五讲课件.ppt

;;;增词翻译;他耸耸肩，要摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。 He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing. （物主代词） 请原谅，打断一下。 Excuse me for interrupting you. （宾语） 他们躲藏起来了。 They hide themselves. （反身代词） 增补动词 别傻里傻气。 Don’t behave foolishly.;增补介词 星期天上街去了。 We went to the street on Sunday. 明天坐车去公园。 We are going to the park by bus tomorrow. 增补连词 你不去，我也不去。 I won’t go if you are not going. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 As long as the green mountains are here, one should not worry about firewood.;增补it 你这样想是很自然的。 It is natural for you to think so. 增补汉语中暗含而无需说明的部分。 报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。 University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. 科学事业要提倡顾全大局。 The spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration is advocated in the cause of science and technology.;从文化的角度增译词语 三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined would equal Chukeh Liang the master mind. 铁饭碗 “iron rice bow”, China’s system of lifetime job and income security. ;减词翻译/省译;省译重复词语 我们党必须始终代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益。 Our party must always represent the development trend of China’s advanced productive forces, the orientation of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people in China.;异词同义重复，即同义词的重复，如残酷无情、自言自语、冷言冷语等等，在译成英语时往往省译同义词。 贪官污吏 corrupt officials 土崩瓦解 fall apart 医德医风 medical ethics 他在情况危急时，态度从容，镇定自若。 He showed himself calm in an emergency situation.;省译没有实际意义的词语 汉语修辞语在程度上往往强于英语，“大词”的使用频率偏高。汉语表达习惯于在形容词和动词前加上副词修辞，只是起强调作用，或便于阅读时朗朗上口，实际上，加了副词与不加副词在意义上并没有多大区别。如“重要”和“十分重要”相比，在语义上并不逊色多少。同样地，在“真抓实干”、“切实加强”、“认真执行”、“彻底粉碎”等副词+动词的短语结构中，副词都没有实际意义。;;调整句法结构，省译某些词语：汉译英时，适当变换句法结构，可以省略某些词语，而这些省译的词语的意义却蕴含在英语句子中。 连续三年的财政政策的实施，有效地增加了国内需求，集中力量办成了一些多年想办而未办成的大事。 The implementation of the pro-active fiscal policy has effectively boosted domestic demand. We made great efforts to accomplish some major tasks which have been longed to fulfill for years. ;;英汉两种语言表达方式上的差异所涉及的问题比较复杂，主要表现为论述逻辑或叙述逻辑（logic in reasoning or narration) 的习惯与倾向性。具体说来，