外语学院精品课程《英语语言学》课件.ppt

Chapter Seven;Outline;7.1 Introduction;Sociolinguistics: the study of linguistic behavior as determined by sociocultural factors. (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary: / cgi-bin/dictionary?book =Dictionaryva=sociolinguistics) The study of language and linguistic behavior as influenced by social and cultural factors. (/search?q=sociolinguistics) Sociolinguistics is the study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used. (Wikipedia: /topic/sociolinguistics);7.1.2 Language and society;7.1.3 Speech community and speech variety General linguists and sociolinguists look at speech community differently. In a speech community there are different kinds of social groups which are divided in different ways (educational background, occupation, gender, age, ethnic affiliation) Speech variety: any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or a group of speaker. (three types: regional dialects, sociolects, registers);7.2 Varieties of language;(2) Sociolect Social dialect has to do with separation brought about by different social conditions. Differences in sociolects can be reflected in pronunciation, grammar and others. Pronunciation: [n] for [?]; RP (Received Pronunciation) Grammar: third-person present-tense singular form of verbs; double negation Others: (maybe combined) Speaker A Speaker B I did it yesterday. I done it yesterday. He hasn’t got it. He ain’t got it. It was she that said it. It was her what said it.;(3) Language and gender Difference in pronunciation. (women are more status-conscious than men) Difference in intonation (female speakers have a wider range in intonation) Difference in lexicon (some adjectives used more frequently by female) Women are more polite and milder (4) Language and age The difference may come from the changing of society, social attitudes and value judgments.;(5) Idiolect A pe