Quality_Control课件.ppt

Quality Control A production function Topics of Discussion What do we understand by the word ‘quality’? A brief history of quality control Some ‘gurus’ Total quality management Statistical and other methods of process control Quality standards Definitions At least 6 different approaches: 1. Customer or user-based ‘Quality is fitness for use’ (Juran, 1989) ‘Goods that best satisfy (customers’) preferences are those that they regard as having the best quality’ (Garvin 1984) Definitions (Cont’d) 2. Manufacturing-based ‘Quality means conformance to requirements’ (Crosby, 1979) Definitions (Cont’d) 3. Quality in the constructed project ‘Quality in the constructed project is achieved if the completed project conforms to the stated requirements of the principal participants (owner, design professional, constructor) while conforming to applicable codes, safety requirements and regulations’ Definitions (Cont’d) 4. Project-based ‘A precise and measurable variable, relative to the amount of some ingredient or attribute possessed by a product’ (Garvin 1984) Definitions (Cont’d) 5. Value-based ‘….best for certain customer conditions. These conditions are a) the actual use and b) the selling price of the product ‘ (Garvin 1984) Definitions (Cont’d) 6. Transcendent ‘‘Quality is synonymous with ‘innate excellence’’’‘ (Garvin 1984) ‘Quality is neither mind or matter, but a third entiy independent of the other two…even though quality cannot be defined, you know what it is’ (Pirsig, 1981) Definitions (Cont’d) 7. Systems ‘The ability of a product to function as intended, as part of the system it belongs to or is associated with.’ (Sarantopoulos and Liebesman, 1992) Background Post WW2 Japan created a city called Usa (Oosa) so they could stamp their goods ‘Made in USA’ 1950-1980 US share of car sales fell from 76%21% 1974 80% of cars leaving Ford’s production plant went for rework 1955 - 1975 Sales of radios made in USA fell from 96% to nearly zero