The Enlightenment Period课件.ppt

Chapter FourThe Enlightenment Period;Historical Background ;Politically;Economically;Socially:?Age?of?Bourgeoisie;Ideologically;Cultural Background ;Origin and Spreading;Purpose;Main Ideas;英国的十八世纪也同时是启蒙主义时代,或曰理性时代。启蒙运动是进步的知识分子运动,兴盛于法国,后席卷整个欧洲。这次是15、16世纪文艺复兴的延续与发展。运动的宗旨便是用当代哲学与艺术思想的晨光启迪整个世界。启蒙主义者赞颂理性、平等与科学。他们主张理性是任何人思想与行动的唯一缘由。他们相信一旦理性成为衡量人类行为与关系的尺度,所有的迷信、不公与压迫便都会让位给永久的真理、永久的公正及天赋的平等。与此同时,启蒙主义者们还倡导全民普及教育。他们认为人有着局限性、两面性及不完美性,但人也有能力通过教育来使自己臻于理智,臻于完美,如果人民群众得到良好的教育,建立民主平等的人类社会则大有希望。 ;Representatives;The predominance of neoclassical poetry and prose from the last decades of the 17th century to the early decades of the 18th century;Neoclassicism;Definition ;Features of the Neoclassical literature;The Realistic Novel;The term “Gothic” derived from the frequent setting of the tales in the ruined, moss-covered castles of the Middle Ages.;;Sentimentality or Sensibility;Satire;Alexander Pope (1688 -1744);Life;Major Works;　隐居颂;他是如此幸福满足， 超然地任光阴悄悄流淌。 心平气和，体格健壮， 宁静地度过白昼时光。 夜晚他睡得烂熟， 因为他劳逸兼顾不忘闲游。 他那令人喜爱的单纯质朴， 溶合在沉思默想的时候。 我愿活着无人见无人晓， 我愿死时亦无人哀悼。 让我从这世界悄悄溜走， 连顽石也不知我在何处躺倒。;Joseph Addison (1672-1719)Richard Steel (1672-1729);Contribution:;Daniel Defoe (1660-1731);Broadly speaking, the term of novel, derived from Italian Novella, meaning “tale or piece of news”, is now applied to any prose work of some length, which tells a story attempts rounded characterization, amuses, shocks and entertains the reader. ;Modern English novels originated mainly from the combination of two major traditional literary forms: the moral tales which came from medieval morality play, religious sermons and allegorical stories, and the picaresque (指文学的风格或体裁，以无赖和流浪汉的冒险事迹为题材的) stories which came from Spanish stories about social outcasts and tramps in the 14th and 15th centuries. ;Defoe’s life;Defoe’s major works;Special features;Jonathan Swift (1667-1745);Life;Major works;;《格列佛游记》提要?;;Special features;Samuel Richardson (1689-1761);Major works;Samuel Johnson (1709-1784);Major works;Special features