The Real Winners and Losers of Globalization - The Globalization of Business - Case Study课件.pptVIP

The Real Winners and Losers of Globalization;It is generally thought that two groups are the big winners of the past two decades of globalization: The very rich (those at the top of national and global income distributions) and the middle classes of emerging market economies, especially in China, India, Indonesia and Brazil. Until now, there was no single source by which these insights could be checked, confirmed, qualified or rejected. However, thanks to a database of household surveys put together by the World Bank, we can actually find out for the first time, from a single and consistent data source, who the real winners and losers of globalization are.;These results give us a much better picture of the effects of the recent two decades of globalization. Who gained and who lost? Specifically, which parts of the global income distribution registered the largest gains between 1988 and 2008? As the graph on the first page shows, most significant increases in per capita income are indeed found among the very top of the global income distribution and among the emerging global middle class, which includes more than a third of the worlds population. ;The top 1% of the global income distribution has seen its real income (adjusted for inflation) rise by more than 60% over those two decades. What is far less known is that an even greater increase in incomes was realized by those parts of the global income distribution that now lie around the median. They achieved an 80% real increase in incomes. It is there — between the 50th and 60th percentile of global income distribution, which in 2008 included people with annual after-tax per capita incomes between 1,200 and 1,800 international dollars — that we find some 200 million Chinese and 90 million Indians, as well as about 30 million each in Indonesia, Brazil, Egypt and Mexico. These 400 million people are among the biggest gainers in the global income distribution. ;The real surprise is that those in the bottom third of the