二语习得PPT 5.5learningmotivation.ppt

Motivations in SLA ----- By（Cindy） Definition Motivation is an internal process that stimulates an individuals activity and helps them to maintain the effort to realize their expected goal. Its main elements are goal setting, initiation of internal drive, and maintenance of reasonable level of effort. “Motivation to learn a second language is influenced group related and context related attitudes, integrativeness and attitudes toward the learning situation respectively.” ---- Gardner Classification Integrative Motivation Instrumental Motivation Integrative Motivation Integrative motivation is a composite construct made up of three main components: integrativeness, attitudes towards the learning situation, and motivation (as isshown in Table 1). Instrumental Motivation Unlike integrative motivation, instrumental orientation stresses the pragmatic aspects of learning a second language, without any particular interest in communicating with the second language community (Gardner, Smythe, and Brunet 1977, p. 244, cited from Spolsky, 2003). the purpose : utilitarian such as meeting the requirements for school or university graduation, applying for a job, or qualifying for higher pay. Some Further Studies Some studies have found that instrumental motivation and other types of motivation affect L2 linguistic achievement ( Laine, 1981; Gardner and MacIntyre,1991; D rnyei, 1990; Lambert et al., 1968; Burstall,1975; Gardner, 1996,cited in Manfred Wu Man-Fat, 2005). Yet some studies have failed to find any relationship between integrative motivation and L2 linguistic achievement (Oller, Baca and Vigil, 1977;Oller and Perkins, 1978; Chihara and Oller, 1978,ci-ted inManfredWuMan-Fat,2005). Both integrative and instrumental motivations are essential to successful learning. But integrative motivation has been found to sustain long-term success when learning a second language (Taylor, Meynard and Rheault