一般审查 1.ppt

Grammar ;小结-ing 形式的功能 ;功能： -ing分词具有动词的一些特征，可带自己的宾语或状语，从而一起构成动词—ing 形式的短语。这个动词—ing 形式短语具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，在句子中，可做句子的主语、宾语、宾语的补足语、表语、同位语、定语及状语等成分。;;;;;;;;;;;;;(7) 作状语 -ing分词在句子中做状语，表示谓语动词所发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、目的、程度和结果。相当于一个状语从句。 1.时间性：如果动词ing形式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，用一般式（doing),如果先于谓语动词的动作发生，用其完成式（having done）: Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine. Having finished the letter, he went to post it.;2. 语法性：如果句子主语是分词的逻辑主语，分词和逻辑主语之间是主动关系就用分词主动式（doing/having done）,分词和逻辑主语之间是被动关系是被动关系就用分词被动式（being done/having been done）: Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy. Having finished his homework, he went to bed. 提醒：有些动词ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往为句子的独立成分来修饰整个句子，青蛙说话者的态度，观点等。例如：generally speaking, judging by/from, taking everything into consideration.;用法;用法;用法;用法;2. –ing形式的完成式;例句： (Having been) written in haste, the book has some faults. 这本书因仓促写成，所以有些缺憾。;分词 (短语) 作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。 ; My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together. 我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间, 解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。;(现在分词explaining是句子主语my wife做的动作,它们之间是主动关系, 即explaining的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语my wife 。)The train having gone, we had to wait another day.（the train逻辑主语 + having gone 即为独立主格结构）;分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之间可用逗号。;例如:误: Having been told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.正: He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. 或 Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.;-ing的一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。;例如: Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet. (=He opened the drawer and took out his wallet.) 他打开抽屉，拿出钱包。;Coming into the room, he put down his bag. (=He came into the room and put down his bag.) 他走进房间，放下提包。; Having brushed his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast. 布朗先生刷过牙, 就下楼来吃早饭。(此句如写成: Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs f