中学英语语法分类评估 - 代词.doc

代 词 一、代词的定义 是用来代替名词或起名词作用的短语的词。 二、代词的分类 按意义、特征及语法功能可分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和连接代词。 人称 数 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 一 单 I me my mine myself 复 we us our ours ourselves 二 单 you you your yours yourself 复 you you your yours yourselves 三 单 he him his his himself 单 she her her hers herself 单 it it its its itself 复 they them their theirs themselves 每个人称代词，不管是单数还是复数，都有5种形式： 1）作主语，要用主格形式： I saw her．She saw me．It astonished them． 2）作宾语，要用宾格形式： She saw me．I saw her．They looked at it． 3）表示所有，要用形容词性物主代词： This is my house．Mary brought her umbrella．The dog wagged its tail． 在这种代词后可加own来加以强调，表示某人自己的，而非任何别人的。 This is my own（=my，and not any others）house． Mary brought her own umbrella． 4）如果形容词性物主代词所修饰的名词刚刚提到过，可以用其名词性物主代词，以避免重复前面的名词，它的意思等于“形容词性物主代词+前面刚提过的名词”： That is Marys house, and this is mine（=my house）． I left my umbrella at home，but Mary brought hers（＝herumbrella）with her． 5）如果宾语和主语表示同一人或物，就要用反身代词： I hate myself．She looks at herself in the mirror． The matter speaks for itself．（本身就可说明问题） 这种自身代词也可用来强调前面的名词或代词： I myself（=I, and nobody else）will do it． Mary herself madethe dress． Confucius himself（=Even Confucius）was not without faults． I have never seen my father himself． 代词的用法 1．人称代词 人称代词指“我”“你”“他”等词，有人称、数、格、性的变化： 1)人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格在句中作宾语。在正式场合中，作表语的代词通常采用主格形式，但在现代英语中，尤其在口语中，也可用宾格形式。 I have an English book. She is in Dalian. It has two legs. He gave me three books. If I were her, I would take the advice. Who is it? Its me. ①在复合句中，若主句和从句的主语相同，从句的主语一般用代词，主句的主语用名词。 When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 约翰一到就直接去银行了。 ②电话用语中常用主格作表语。 -I wish to speak to Mary. 我想和玛丽通话。 -This is she(speaking)．我就是玛丽。 ③人称代词作同位语时，要根据所同位的名词词组在句中的成分选择主格或宾格。 We, Tom and I, prepared a meal for her. 注意 在强调句式中，强调主语用主格，强调宾语用宾格，如： It was he that / who did it. It is her that we are talking about. 2)在 think...to be, suppose...to be, look upon...as...等后也多用宾格。人称代词单独使用时，一般用宾格： People supposed the best singer to be him. 人们