中文原文翻译（讲义）.doc

1．13无主句的翻译(P46-50) 汉语里有众多的无主句，而英语里通常都用完整的句子。翻译这类句子时，要根据不同的情况，有时要添加主语，有时要变换句型和句式。 译成被动句 译成原宾语做主语的被动句 --- “by”引出做某事的人或东西，或介绍做某事的方法。 ---“By” introduces what (or how) something is done by or method by which something is done． ---为了确保乘客的人身安全，必须检查乘客随身携带的每一件行李。 ---Each piece of luggage carried by the passengers must be examined to make sure of their safety. (2) 译成“It +动词被动语态+（状语）+连接代词/连接副词+to do”或 “It +动词被动语态+连接代词/连接副词引导的名词性从句” ---是否在这里修建水坝还没有决定。 ---It is not yet decided whether to build the dam here. ---下次会议将讨论我们是否接受他的报价。 ---It will be discussed at the next meeting whether we should accept his offer or not. ---尚未决定何时交货。 ---It’s not been settled yet when the goods should be delivered. 译成”There + 动词被动语态+主语+（状语）” 译成引导词There后面使用及物动词被动语态，再接主语这样一种特殊形式。 ---在离岸不远的地方可以找到那条船的一些线索。 ---There can be found some remains of the wrecked ship near the shore. ---世界上已经建造了一些了不起的机器来从受控核聚变中发电。 ---There have been built in the world some remarkable machines to produce electricity from controlled thermonuclear fusion. 译成SP2句型[主语+不及物动词+（状语）] 引导词There+be/v.i/相当于v.i.的短语动词+S”这类SP2句型常用来翻译汉语无主句。 ---没有绝对完善的导体。 ---There are not any perfect conductors. ---有两类计算机，即数字式和模拟式。 ---There are two kinds of computers---digital and analog. ---明天肯定要举行开幕式。 ---There’s sure to be an opening ceremony tomorrow. ---每个气象站都设置了记录日照小时、风速和风向的专门仪器。 ---There stand special devices to record hours of sunshine, wind velocity and wind direction at each weather station. ---在电子技术领域里出现了一些新的想法。 ---There emerged some new ideas in the field of electronic technology. ---他们之间逐渐形成了同志友谊。 ---There grew up a feeling of comrade-ship between them. 译成由it担任形式主语的SP1句或SP2句 ---可以预先知道零件在什么时候会因疲劳而损坏吗？ ---Is it possible to know ahead of time when a part will fail because of fatigue? ---这是因为，用小数代替分数时，容易进行各种运算。 ---This is because it is easier to perform the various mathematical operations if decimals are used instead of fractions. ---接受器官移植的病人免疫系统受到抑制后能否会感染其他疾病要视情况而定。 ---It (all) depends whether a suppressed immune system puts a transplant recipient at risk