中学英语语法英文语法.doc

宾语从句 宾语从句是名词性从句的一种，相当于名词或名词性短语，在句子中充当宾语。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、动名词、分词之后均可以带宾语从句。描写情感的形容词（如glad、certain、sure、happy、pleased、sorry、afraid等）的后面亦可以带宾语从句。宾语从句同其他从句一样，也应该使用陈述句语序。 宾语从句的变法 陈述句变宾语从句 陈述句变宾语从句时，语序不变，用that连接（that一般可以省略），此时that无词义，不充当句子成分。 e.g.(1)陈述句：He is an honest man. 宾语从句：My mother always says (that) he is an honest man. (2)陈述句：They will win. 宾语从句：We believe (that) they will win. 一般疑问句变宾语从句 一般疑问句变宾语从句时，语序变为陈述句语序，用if/whether连接（if、whether一般可以互换），其意思是“是否”，也不充当句子成分，句末的标点符号由主句决定。 e.g.(1)一般疑问句：Will they win? 宾语从句：I’m not sure if/whether they will win. (2)一般疑问句：Does he study hard? 宾语从句：I wonder if/whether he studies hard. 特殊疑问句变宾语从句 特殊疑问句变宾语从句时，语序变为陈述句语序，用原来的疑问词连接，其意思不变，并且要充当句子成分，句末的标点符号由主句决定。 e.g.(1)特殊疑问句：Who is she? 宾语从句：Could you tell me who she is? (2)特殊疑问句：What does he want? 宾语从句：I don’t know what he wants. 如果特殊疑问句的疑问词在句中作主语，变宾语从句时语序不变，原来的疑问词既作宾语从句的引导词，又作宾语从句的主语。 e.g. = 1 \* GB3 ①What’s the matter with her? Can you tell me? →Can you tell me what’s the matter with her? = 2 \* GB3 ②Who lived here ten years ago? He doesn’t know. →He doesn’t know who lived here ten years ago. 注意事项 1.时态问题。宾语从句的时态原则上应与主句的时态保持一致。 (1)如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 e.g.①I don’t know she lives here. ②I am sure he lived here ten years ago. ③He believes that he has learned enough. ④I have heard that he will come tomorrow. (2)如果主句的时态是过去的时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），从句的时态应该根据情况使用某一种过去的时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时）。 e.g.①I knew who lived here. ②My father said that he would buy a new computer next week. ③He said that he had seen her. ④She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her homework on time. (3)当宾语从句表示的是一个普遍真理或客观事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也要使用一般现在时。 e.g.①My father told me the sun rises in the east. ②He said that his classroom is much bigger than hers. (4)主句中的would,could不表示过去时态，而是表示一种客气、有礼貌的语气时，宾语从句不用过去时态。 e.g. = 1 \* GB3 ①We’d like to tell you that you have passed the ex