新牛津8A章节的知识点总结.doc

CHAPTER 1 数量表达法 a lot of/a little/not much/no; how much; too much/too little + 不可数名词 a lot of/many/a few/not many/no; how many; too many/too few + 可数名词复数。 注意：1. much通常用于否定句中。与not连用。 There is not much water. 2. enough或者not enough 后可接不可数名词或者可数名词复数. 3. 上述词均可用作代词。 ----How much rice is there? -----There is a lot 4. there is = there’s there are = there’ re CHAPTER 2 情态动词：should与ought to的用法 感叹句：what +a/an + adjective + noun + subject + verb; how + adjective/adverb + verb 注意： 1)情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添 情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。 2)特征：a.不能单独做谓语，必须与其他动词一起构成谓语。 b. 没有人称和数的变化。 c. 情态动词后一律接动词原型：“情态动词+do sth” d. 具有助动词功能。 1. 表示“应该，应当” 等，两者可互换，只是ought to的语气稍重。如： You ought to/should work harder than that. 你应当更努力地工作 2. should 强调主观看法，而 ought to 强调客观要求。如： We ought to go and see my mother in hospital tomorrow, but I don’t think we will. 我们按理应当在明天去看看住院的母亲的，但我认为我们不会去。 CHAPTER 3 动词不定式(infinitives)：forget; agree; decide; hope; plan; want 不定式作宾语：动词不定式在句中可作宾语，相当于一个名词词组。 不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式；另一种是动词＋疑问词＋带to的不定式 (一)动词＋带to的不定式结构 只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有：afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, ask, believe, care, claim, decide, decline(拒绝), demand, desire, determine, endeavor, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, mean(想要), offer(表示愿意做...), pretend, plan, promise, refuse, seek(试图), swear, undertake, want, wish(想要)等。 We refuse that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults(银行保管库) of this nation.［A］ to believe ［B］ to be belived［C］ beliving［D］ have belived The green turtle has been known _____ over 2，000 miles to return to a nesting site.［A］ in the navigating ［B］ the navigation ［C］ to navigate ［D］ navigation The day is past when Chinese universities and colleges _____ to give high school diplomas to all who sit through four years of instruction, regardless of whether any visible results can be discerned. ［A］ afforded［B］ affording［C］ to affo