时态和叙述.doc

时态一致(108)及叙述法(109-113) 时态一致(108) 主要子句的动词是现在式(包括一般现在,现在完成式,一般将来式),从属子句的动词随句意可以是任何事态 My sister knows (that) I love the girl. My sister knows (that) I loved the girl. My sister knows (that) I will fall in love with the girl. 姐姐现在可以回忆过去,叙述现在,展望未来 主要子句的动词是过去式(包含过去完成式,过去进行式或过去时间上所提的未来),从属子句的动词必须是与过去时态有关且符合句意 My sister knew (that) I loved the girl. My sister knew (that) I had loved the girl. 过去的过去过去完成 My sister knew (that) I wound fall in love with the girl. 那时候的姐姐知道我那是爱那个女孩,知道我那时候的以前爱过那个女孩,知道那时候以后我会爱那个女孩 主要子句的动词是过去完成式,从属子句的动词必须是与过去完成时态有关且符合句意 时态一致的例外 不变的真理现在式 The child learned (that) the earth goes round the sun. The teacher told us (that) practice makes perfect. 到现在都没改变的习惯或事实现在式 She often told me (that) she keeps early hours. 她经常告诉我她有早睡早起的习惯 She told me (that) school begins at eight. 她告诉我学校8点上课 历史的事实过去式 The teacher said (that) Columbus discovered America in 1492. He said (that) World War Ⅱ ended in 1945. 假设语气不受时态一致的限制 He says (that) if he were a bird he could fly. He said (that) if he were a bird he could fly. He speaks English as if he were a native speaker. He spoke English as if he were a native speaker. 叙述法(109-113) 直接叙述法及间接叙述法的不同 时态的变化 May said, “I like listening to pop music.” May said (that) she liked listening to pop music. The student answered, “An hour consists of sixty minutes.” The student answered (that) an hour consists of sixty minutes. 不变的事实 Helen answered, “The rain has stopped.” Helen answered (that) the rain had stopped. 人称代名词的变化 She always says, “I don’t like my hairstyle.” She always says (that) she doesn’t like her hairstyle. I said to her, “I’m sorry you don’t understand me.” I told her (that) I was sorry she didn’t understand me. She said,＂I read this book.” She said (that) she had read that book. 时间,地点等的变化 nowthen todaythat day yesterdaythe day before, the previous day last nightthe night before, the previous night last yearthe year before, the previous year tomorrowthe next day, the following day next weekthe next week, the following week ~ ag