2010年高考语法复习—定语从句.doc

定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词， 用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词 和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 A．who ? 指人，在定语从句中作主语。? What was the name of the man who lent you the money ? 借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词the man）? He who laughs lst laughs best. ? 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词he）? The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right. ? 会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。（定语从句修饰先行词the chairman） B．whom? 指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可省略或可用who来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。? There are some people (whomwho)we like and others (whom/who) we dislike. ? 有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others）? The people whomwho I work with are all friendly. ? 和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词the people）? Mr Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in or plan.? 昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中不能用who代替whom）? Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office. ? 两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用who） C．whose? ? 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。? There are some people whose faces you can nevr forget. ? 有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词people）? I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air. ? 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词trees）D．which ? 1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。? English is a language which is easy to learn. ? 英语是一门容易学的语言。（which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）? This is a folk song which is now very popular. ? 这是目前非常流行的一首民谣（which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）? The river which flows through London is the Thames. ? 流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。（which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）? The children like cookies (which) my wife makes. ? 孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。(关系代词which作makes的宾语，可以省略)? 2．which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于and this。? Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody. ? 吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使大家都感到惊讶。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the driving test）? Sheila couldnt come to the party, which was a pity. ? 希拉不能来参加聚会，真遗憾。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the party）? 3．which在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。? John stay