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reconstructing the history of gandhāra - andrew glass
Reconstructing the History of Gandhāra Rough History of Gandhāra Achaemenid Empire (530–330 BCE)? Macedonian Empire (330–321)? Mauryan Empire (321/317–187)? Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (250–10 CE)? Indo-Scythians (75 BCE–64 CE)? Indo-Parthians (32–70)? Kushans (40–360)? History of Gandhāra Indo-Sassanids (240/270-410)? Hephthalites (410-557)? Turkic Shahis (557-870)? Hindu Shahis (870-1021)? Ghaznavid Empire (1021-1220)? Sources for the Study of Gandhāran History Classical sources Chinese sources Indian sources Numismatics Epigraphy Main Classical Sources Strabo, Geographica (20BCE–23CE)? Plutarch, Moralia (46–120)? Ptolemy, Geographia (after 83–161)? Arrian, Anabasis Alexandri (c. 86–after 146)? Justin, Historiarum Philippicarum (2nd–3rd cent.)? Main Chinese Sources Sīmǎ Qiān 司馬遷, Shǐ Jì 史記 (109–91BCE)? Bān Gù 班固, Hàn Shū 漢書 (c. 80 CE)? Fàn Yè 范曄, Hòu Hàn Shū後漢書 (c. 446)? Fǎxiǎn 法顯, Gāosēng Fǎxiǎn Zhuàn 高僧法顯傳(c. 415)? Xuánzàng 玄奘, Dà Táng Xīyù jì 大唐西域記 (646)? Main Indian Sources Yuga Purā?a Mahābhā?ya of Pata?jali (c. 150 BCE)? Milindapa?ha Mālavikāgnimitra of Kālidāsa Pali Chronicles (Dīpava?sa and Mahāva?sa)? Some Key Dates Conquest of Alexander the Great 326 BCE Peace between Seleucus and Chandragupta 304 Coronation of A?oka 264 Diodotus establishes kingdom in Bactria c. 250 Menander c. 150 Sacking of A? Khanum 145 Yuèzhī control Bactria in 130 Yuèzhī settle Bactria c. 100-75 St. Thomas at the court of Gondophares 35–40 CE Chinese control of Xīnjiāng in 125 Numismatics Typology Metrology Pedigree Monograms Overstrikes Numismatics Numismatics Indian Eras Indian Eras On the Kani?ka Era Rabatak Inscription established the genealogy of the first four Kushan Kings: Kujula Kadphises (60-90 CE)? Vima Takto (90–113)? Vima Kadphises (113–127)? Kani?ka (127–150)? On the Kani?ka Era Rabatak Inscription established the genealogy of the first four Kushan Kings: Kujula Kadphises Vima Takto Vima Kadphises Kani?ka H. Falk. 2001. “The yuga of Sphujiddhvaja and the era of the Ku?a?
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