智力测量.PPT

主要内容 History of intelligence test What is intelligence? Theories of Intelligence Intelligence Tests Te Performance and Culture-Fair Tests st Administration Positive Aspects of Individual Testing What Determines Intelligence?(Nature vs. Nurture) The Flynn Effect Gender Differences in Intelligence Extremes of Intelligence Levels of Mental Retardation History of intelligence test Jean Esquirol (1838) Distinguished between mental incapacity and mental illness Idiot – those mentally retarded from birth Mentally-deranged persons – lost abilities previously possessed Worked to develop measures that distinguished between the two History of intelligence test cont. Psychometrics Galton regression to mean, correlation knowledge gained through senses -- those with highest IQs have best sensory discrimination? *First to propose individuals posses both general intellectual ability and specific abilities History of intelligence test cont. Pearson Correlation J.M. Cattell Studied with Wundt and Galton US researcher First to use “mental test” Developed one of first tests for individual differences History of intelligence test cont. Ebbinghaus Memory Developed test for teachers Start of clinical diagnostics History of intelligence test cont. Binet and Simon Among first to develop test used on a wide-scale basis for diagnostic purposes Commissioned by French government to test kids for mental retardation Among first to include cognition in addition to sensory processes Binet-Simon Scale (1905) Some related subtests still on SB-IV Aged-based Measured degree of MR Saw intelligence as a collection of abilities (like Thurstone and Cattell) Stanford-Binet Terman – added subtests, modified, and re-normed Binet’s test; published as the Stanford revision and extension of the Binet-Simon scale First wide-scale intelligence test used in US Used mental quotient (MA/CA) – renamed it “intelligence quotient” Stanford-Binet cont. Stanford-Binet L/M (deviation IQ; items/subtests still age-ba