专升本语法总结教师版概要.ppt

I. 典型时态和特殊用法 1. 一般现在时表示将来动作: 在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中.表示将来的动作。. 如：I will not go shopping, if it rains. 2. 现在进行时表示将来: (1)表示最近按计划或安排要做的事,往往有表示未来的时间状语. 能够这样用的动词有: arrive, come, leave, return, start, work, play, have等. 如:We are leaving on Friday. (2) 与always, constantly, continually, forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在出状态,往往带有说话人的感情色彩。 如：He is constantly leaving his things about. 他老是乱扔东西. (3)在时间、条件从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。 如：Don’t interrupt him if he is reading. (4)表示将来时的还有: be about to / be to do / be on the point of等. 如:I was on the point of leaving when the phone rang. The road is to open to the public on October 1, 2004. 3. 现在完成时: ① must + 完成式”表示过去必定发生过的事情,是对发生在过去的一种行为的推测。 ② “should (或ought to) + 完成式”表示一个应该在过去做,而没有做的动作,它往往带有埋怨和后悔的情绪。 注:表示瞬间行为动词come, join, finish, marry, return等不能和表示延续的时间状语连用, 只能用系动词加表语结构来代替。 如: He has been back for over a week. (不能用has come back) I have been in the army for three years. (不能用have joined)。 4. 现在完成进行时: 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在,可能还要继续下去,通常与表示一段时间的状语连用。 如: All the morning, for hours, since this morning… They have been watching television for two hours. He has been writing letters since this morning. 5. 过去完成时: 1) 过去完成时,表示在过去某—时刻或动作以前已经完成的动作.即”过去的过去”. 常用的信号词有by(到……时候为止), before等介词短语或用unless, when, after, once, as soon as等连词引起的表示到过去某—时间为止的时间状语来表示. 2) 过去完成时常用在“no sooner…than” 和“hardly…when (before)”等句型的主句中,从句中常用一般过去时。 如: By the end of last year, I had worked in this college for ten years. No sooner had he finished his performance than the audience began to cheer. (＝He had no sooner…than…) (他刚表演完，观众就喝彩) 语态注意事项： 7. 有些动词以主动形式出现,却有被动含义。 如：The knife cuts well. Nylon underwear washes easily. 尼龙内衣容易洗 The novels written by the young man sell well. 那个年青人写的小说销路好 This ball-pen writes in four colours. 这支圆珠笔可以写出四种颜色 The note reads as follows”…”. 字条上写着:”……” 语态注意事项： 8. 短语动词构成的被动语态中,介词或副词不可省略。 如：More schools and hospitals will be set up in the near future. The old woman has been operated on. (这位老妇人已经动过了手术) The purse was picked up and handed