专题8定语从句概要.doc

专题八 定语从句 一、概念 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。 The old man who / whom / that we visited yesterday is a famous artist. 其中所饰名词即the old man 称为先行词， 引导定语从句并在其中充当句子一个成分的词称为关系词(如上句中的who / whom / that)。关系词的用法与选择须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。下面分类讲解它们的用法。 二、用法 定语从句常用引导词有：that, which, who, whose, as, where, when, why。 1．that 指人或物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略) I like the books that were written by Lu Xun. The student that won the first prize is our monitor. 2．which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略) These are the trees which were planted last year. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from? 3．who指人，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略) The man who visited our school yesterday is Mr Brown. He is the man who I want to work with. 4．whose 指人或物，作定语，表示“……的”，可转换为“of ＋关系代词”。 Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing. I saw some trees whose leaves were black. 5．注意that和which的区别 (1)先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing, something, no, some, any, few, one等时，关系代词只能用that。 We are willing to do anything that is good to the people. (2)先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，用that。 This is the best book (that) Ive ever read. (3)先行词被序数词或者the only(唯一的)，the very(正是那个)，the last修饰时，用that。 The first book that I read last night was an English novel. (4)如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，定语从句的关系代词只能用that。 We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about. (5)以疑问词(who, which, what)开头的疑问句，为避免重复，用 that。 Which is the book that you borrowed from the library? (6)关系代词放在介词之后，指物时只能用which，不能用that。 This is the factory in which we once worked. (7)非限制性定语从句中，指代物或一种情况时，用which，不能用that。 This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun. The baby was ill, which made the mother very worried. 6．关系副词 when引导定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词， 在定语从句中充当时间状语。 Next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 7．关系副词where引导定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词， 在定语从句中充当地点状语。 She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 8．关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason, 在定语从句中充当原因状语。 He didnt tell me the reason why he was so upset. 高考预测——限制性定语从句(介词＋which / whom