主谓一致授课概要.doc

主谓一致 1. 非并列主语的一致 非并列主语的句子一般应遵循语法一致原则，即句中谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数相一致，同时也应视主语所表达的整体概念是单数还是复数而定。 1.1 当a series of、a species of、an amount of、a portion of、a kind of、a sort of、a type of、a form of、a group of等+名词时，谓语用单数动词。例： ---A series of problems has arisen in this city as the result of the development in industry．由于工业的发展，这个城市里已经出现了一系列的问题。 ---A portion of the old magazines is missing from the library．图书馆里一部分老杂志丢了。 ---There is a kind of peony in the garden which fills the air with fragrance．花园里有一种牡丹使满园芬芳。 1.2 a number of+可数名词表示“很多，大量”，其后跟复数谓语；而“the number of十名词”则表示“…的数目”，需跟单数谓语。 ---A number of my students have attended the lecture．很多我的学生都听了这个讲座。 ---The number of my students who attended the meeting is 9． 1.3 短语all of、 the rest of、half of、some of、most of、none of、enough of等后跟单数不可数名词时，谓语用单数；若其后跟复数名词，谓语则用复数。 ---The rest of the apple is rotten．这个苹果其余的部分都烂了。 ---The rest of the apples are rotten．其余的这些苹果是烂的。 ---When enough of a tree is chopped away, if alls．当一棵树有很大一部分被砍去后，它就会倒掉。 ---Enough of the data on this subject have been collected．关于这个课题的资料已经收集得足够了。 1.4 表示“大量”意义的短语如：lots of、heaps of、loads of、hosts of后跟不可数名词，谓语用单数动词；后跟可数复数名词，谓语用复数动词。例： ---Loads of big water melons were on the ground．地上有很多大西瓜。 ---Loads of milk was given to them free．大量的牛奶被免费赠予了他们。 ---Lots of people are lining up at the ticket office window． 很多人正在售票窗外排队。 ---Lots of money has been saved up． 很多钱被节省了下来。 1.5 分数或百分数+of跟单数名词，谓语用单数动词；若跟复数名词，谓语用复数动词。例： ---Two-thirds of the country was destroyed in the war．这个国家有三分之二在战争中被毁了。 ---Two-thirds of the people present are against the proposal．到场的人有三分之二反对这项提议。 ---Over 60 percent Of the teachers in Foreign Language Department are women．外语系有超过60％的老师是女老师。 1.6 one of+复数主语后应用单数谓语动词：在“one of+复数名词／代词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句中的谓语用复数形式；但在“the only one of+复数名词／代词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。例： ---One of my friends has gone to Canada．我的一个朋友去了加拿大。 ---This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject．这是阐述这一课题的书中最好的一本。 ---Tom is the only one of my friends who is acquainted with the old man．