impactevaluationanddevelopmentimpact影响评价和.pdf

IMPACT EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT IMPACT 影响评估和发展影响 Howard White International Initiative for Impact Evaluation 影响评估国际动议组织 Howard White Why did the Why did the Bangladesh Bangladesh Integrated Nutrition Integrated Project (BINP) fail? Nutrition 为什么孟加拉综合营 Program 养项目(BINP)失败了? (BINP) fail? Howard White What is impact? 什么是影响? • Impact = the outcome with the •影响= 接受干预的主体 intervention compared to what it 与它在未接受干预的情 would have been in the absence 况下在结果上的差别 of the intervention • At the heart of it is the idea of a •它的核心是归因问题— attribution – and attribution — 而归因问题需要借助 implies a counterfactual 反事实分析 • Outcome monitoring is not the same as impact •产出监测和影响不是一 回事 Howard White Why has impact become important? 为什么影响变得很重要(1) • The results agenda (结果议程) – E.g. Millennium Development Goals and report cards – 如:千年发展目标和报考卡 – Focus on outcomes an improvement over impact monitoring – 聚焦产出比影响监测要提高一步 • But outcome monitoring is not impact • 但是产出监测不是影响 – Experience of USAID – 美国对外援助的经验 Howard White Why has impact become important? 为什么影响变得很重要(2) • Examples of results-orientation • 以结果为取向的案例 – Academic funding in developed countries – 发达国家对科研的资助 – Mexico: Progresa/Opportunidades and Coneval – 墨西哥:Progresa/Opportunidades… – India: outcome