三峡水库消涨带植被重建①-oalib.pdf

植物学通报 2005, 22 (5): 513~522 Chinese Bulletin of Botany 综述 三峡水库消涨带植被重建① 王 勇 刘义飞 刘松柏 黄宏文② ( 中国科学院武汉植物园/ 武汉植物研究所 武汉 430074) 摘要 重建三峡水库消涨带植被对于恢复消涨带功能、维持三峡工程安全和修复长江流域退化生态 系统具有十分重要的意义。消涨带可分为自然消涨带和人工消涨带，自然消涨带及其植被是流域生态 系统的组成部分，具有重要的生态、社会和经济价值。人为控制水位涨落而形成的人工消涨带很少有 植被覆盖，属于退化的生态系统。三峡消涨带包括三峡自然消涨带和三峡水库消涨带，三峡工程的建 设将淹没三峡自然消涨带及其植被并产生没有植被覆盖的三峡水库消涨带。作者认为开发利用三峡水 库消涨带土地资源，发展库区经济将导致库区生态环境恶化、危及三峡工程安全且不利于长江流域生 态系统的健康。解决三峡水库消涨带问题的关键是重建消涨带植被，并恢复其功能。该文从水利建设 与环境保护的关系、三峡水库管理与库区景观建设的需要、消涨带功能恢复与流域生态系统康复和促 进水库消涨带研究的深入阐述了开展三峡水库消涨带植被重建的必要性。 关键词 植被重建, 生态恢复, 生态适应, 河岸带, 消涨带, 三峡水库 Vegetation Reconstruction in the Water-level-fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir WANG Yong LIU Yi-Fei LIU Song-Bai HUANG Hong-Wen② ( Wuhan Botanical Garden/Wuhan Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430074) Abstract Vegetation reconstruction and restoration in the newly formed water-level-fluctuation zone (WLFZ) of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is critically significance in ecological safety in the area and restoration of the anthropogenic-impacted ecosystem of the Yangtze River region. The natural zone and its riparian vegetation are among the most important components of the river watershed ecosystem and play a crucial role in ecological service and sustainable develop- ment for the local economy. Control of the water level in regulated rivers has led to a destroyed habitat for riparian vegetation, and the ecosystem is largely degraded, with little or no vegetation. The Three Gorges project is unavoidably destroying the riparian vegetation in the natural WLFZ and has led to the creation of a newly regulated WLFZ without vegetation. Results of extensive field surveys have revealed that exploitation of land resources in the area for the development of the local economy will be further deleterious to the environment and will have a great negative ①中国科学院知识创新工程重要