物种分布区范围地理格局的rapoport法则.pdf

生物多样性 2009, 17 (6): 560–567 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08337 Biodiversity Science http: // 物种分布区范围地理格局的Rapoport法则 * 沈泽昊 卢绮妍 (北京大学城市与环境学院生态学系, 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871) 摘要: Rapoport法则最初是关于物种分布的纬度位置与纬度分布宽度的关系的假说, 被认为是宏观生态学的重要 假说之一。Rapoport法则提出以后引发了广泛的实证检验和理论探讨, 并扩展到海拔和海洋深度梯度的分析。对 Rapoport法则的检验发展了多种算法, 包括基于中域效应模型的比较分析法, 提出了气候变异性等多种机理解释, 并建立了物种分布区范围格局与物种丰富度格局、分布边界限制等重要宏观生态学现象之间的联系。关于该法则 的普适性仍存在明显的意见分歧, 但分析和检验方法被认为是影响结果的重要因素, 方法的改进将是这一领域今 后研究的关键。本文主要从Rapoport法则的概念、检验方法、机理性解释, 关于其普适性的争论及其与物种丰富 度格局的关系等方面, 综述这一领域的研究进展。 关键词: Rapoport法则, 物种分布区, 算法, 机理, 普适性 The Rapoport’s rule for the geographic patterns of species range size Zehao Shen, Qiyan Lu Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, the Key MOE Laboratory for Earth surface proc- esses, Peking University, Beijing 100871 Abstract: Rapoport’s rule is a hypothesis about the relationship between species latitudinal locations and their latitudinal range widths. By stimulating a wide range of empirical tests and theoretical discussions, Rapoport’s rule has been recognized as one of a few crucial hypotheses in macroecology, and has been ex- tended to distributional patterns across gradients in elevation and ocean depth. A variety of algorithms have been applied to test the rule, and several interpretations, in addition to climatic variability, have been pro- posed as underlying mechanisms. Studies have also bridged the Rapoport’s effect with other important bio- geogra