专题十二 主谓一致与倒装句 4.doc

专题十二 主谓一致和倒装句 知识清单 一、语法一致原则 主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是负数形式时，谓语动词也采用复数形式。 1.当and或both…and…连接两个或多个名词作主语时，谓语动词复数形式。如： Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。 Both Lucy and Lily are student.路西和莉莉都是学生。 2.不定代词 either,neither,eachone,the other,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,erery one, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如： Is there anything wrong with your bike? 你的自行车有毛病吗？ Everyone is ready for sports meeting. 大家都为运动做好啦准备。 3.由each, each… and , each…,every…and, every…作主语时，所谓动词单数形式。如： Each boy and each girl was given a new book. 给每一个男孩每一个女孩一本新书。 4.主语后接有with，long with，together with，as well as, no less than, more than, including, besides, like, except, but等词或短语时，谓语动词的单数形式由主语的单数形式决定。如： Mr. Green with his wife and two daughter is coming to Beijing. 格林先生将和她的夫人及两个女儿一块来北京。 5.“a number of+名词复数”做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of + 名词复数”做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。 The number of students in our class is 32. 我们班学生人数为32。 6.“a lot of (lots of ,plenty of, a piles of, most of)+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等做主语时谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，侧谓语动词用复数形式。如：Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。 7.由“a pair + of +复数名词”做主时，谓语动词用单数形式；“a pair of+复数名词”谓语动词用复数形式。如： A pair of glove is lying on the table 一副手套放在桌子上。 Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day 每天能制作15双鞋。 8.某些只有复数形式的名词（如clothes，trousers，shorts , pant, shoes, gloves…）做主语时谓语动词用复数形式。如： My shoes were worn out。我的鞋穿坏啦 9.不定式或v-ing做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Reading is learning.读书就是学习。 二、意义一致原则 意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看要看主语表达的概念。 1.由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果是指同一感念（即and后面无冠词），则谓语动词用单数形式。如： The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week. 那位教师兼作家下周要给我们做报告。 The singer and dancer has been invited to the party. 那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。 2.表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词、词组做主语时，一般被看为一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。如： There years is long time.三年是一段很长的时间。 3.集体名词（如 family, team, crowd, company, class, group, government…）如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式。如： His family is going to move. 他家要搬走啦。 4.people,police,c