实用土木工程英语 中国建材工业出版社 Unit 7 Steel Structure幻灯片.ppt

Translate some important sentences 翻译句子 (1) One of the simplest forms of tension members is the circular rod, but there is some difficulty in connecting it to many structures. (2) In the early days of steel structures, tension members consisted of rods, bars, and perhaps cables. (3) Short vertical members subjected to compressive loads are often called struts or simply compression members. (4) A column that is slightly bent at the time it is put in place may have significant bending moments equal to the column load times the initial lateral deflection. (5) Obviously, a column is a more critical member in a structure than is a beam or tension member because minor imperfections in materials and dimensions mean a great deal. Key: (1)受拉构件最简单的形式是圆钢，但是它和许多构件很难连接起来。 (2)在早期的钢结构中，受拉构件由圆钢、型钢以及可能的索缆线构成。 (3)承受压缩荷载的垂直短构件通常被称为钢支柱或者简单称为受压构件。 (4)柱子就位时的轻微弯曲可能产生明显弯矩，它等于柱荷载乘以初始的横向挠度。 (5)显然柱是结构中比梁或受拉构件更关键的构件，因为其重要性在于材料和尺寸的缺陷微小。 Special difficulties 难点讲解 [1] One important reason why rods are not popular with designers is that they have been used improperly so often in the past that they have a bad name. 译文：圆钢不受设计者青睐的一个重要原因是由于过去人们对它的不当使用而导致其口碑不好。 be popular with可表示“受到……的青睐”“受到……的欢迎”。例如： The courses seem to be popular with entrepreneurs. 这些课程似乎广受企业家的欢迎。 [2] These plates serve to correct any unequal distribution of loads between the various parts. 译文：这些钢板适用于矫正不同部分载荷的分布不均。 serve可表示“提供”“为……服务”“适合”“对……有用”。例如： A simple example will serve to illustrate the point. 一个简单的例子可以说明这一点。 [3] The longer a column becomes for the same cross section, the greater becomes its tendency to buckle and the smaller becomes the load it will support. 译文：相同横截面的柱子越长，则屈曲的趋势越大，它能承受的荷载将越小。 （1）the more..., the more...句型常表示“越……就越……”，是一个复合句，其中前面的句子是状语从句，后面的句子是主句。 例如： The higher the ground is, the thinner air becomes. 离地面越高,空气就越稀薄。 （2）这种句型中的比较部分通常是状语、宾语、表语， 也可以是主语。例如： The more air there is inside the tyre, the greater pressure there is in it. 轮胎里空气越多，承受的压力就越大。 （3）若表示“越……越不……”，常用the more... the less句型。例如： I am finding inf