定语从句详细讲解和练习.doc

定语从句详细讲解及练习 一、基本概念： 　　在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如： 　　Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? 　　That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 　　定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 　　关系副词有：when, where, why. 对于定语从句的理解：1.定语从句是由一个句子做定语修饰某个名词或代词2.被修饰的这个名词或代词在从句中又要充当一定成份。 可以把定语从句理解成是两个句子的合并。如果两个句子有交叉（相同）部分，则可以把这个交叉的部分做成被修饰成份，构成一个含有定语从句的句子，如： 原句： my younger brother is an artist, and he is good at Chinese art. →my younger brother who is good at Chinese art is an artist. The firemen haven’t managed to put out the fire, the fire broke out at 5 a.m. →The firemen haven’t managed to put out the fire which broke out at 5 a.m. The president will visit our school, and it is very exciting. →The president will visit our school, which is very exciting. 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 一句话语法：关系代词在从句中＝先行词，whose除外，whose＝先行词所有格1． 作主语用who, which和that, 如： 　He is the man who/that lives next door. 　The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 在非正式英语中可省略 The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week? 3．作定语用whose, whose在定语从句中＝先行词的所有格 (a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. （whose=the man’s）(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.(whose=the meeting’s) 注 whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，指物时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name) 4．作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： 　　He is no longer the man that he used to be. 　　This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. （二）关系副词的用法： 一句话语法：关系副词在从句中＝介词+先行词1．when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如： I still remember the time when I first became a college student. （when=at the time）Do you know the date when Lincoln was bo